Student Talk - Pandian - Software Testing
The thirst for knowledge, skill development and being able to
get into the IT bandwagon quickly were prime reasons to fuel Pandian’s passion
to join software testing course in Metaforum Technologies.
1. What made you choose the course and Institute you did?
I had
5+ years of experience in insurance domain with a private company. I came to
know there are lots of testing projects with major insurance clients in
Chennai/ India. So I thought of learning
Software testing and get into IT sectors by leveraging my existing domain knowledge.
As far as choosing an institute, I attended few demo classes from no of institutes and impressed with the trainer
available in Metaforum Technologies.
2. What made you choose the software Testing?
I have no prior programming experience. I neither have computer
science background. Since I had domain knowledge on insurance, I thought a
course on software testing will help me land a job in Testing projects of
insurance clients.
3. In what ways has this course value added to your career? What
kind of opportunities would you say this course has presented to you?
I
obtained hands on knowledge on popular testing tools. Also I learnt complete
software development life cycle. I gathered live project experience from
trainer. I would say this training helped me very much in terms of
understanding IT culture and gave me the confidence to pursue my career in IT
4. How do you manage your time working and studying?
I had
flexible timing in Metaforum Technologies. I opted for week end batches and
sometimes early morning batch to rush things up, without the training affecting
my regular work.
5. Was there anyone who motivated you through the challenges of
completing the course?
My colleagues
in office motivated me a lot. Special thanks to trainer for adjusting with my
complex timing requirements.
6. How would you describe your experience at Metaforum
Technologies?
Excellent.
Right from counseling in terms of choosing the correct testing tool and
delivering and follow –ups, my experience was really good.
7. What would be the one thing you’ll say to other / prospective
students ?
Testing course in Metaforum Technologies is highly recommended.
Software Testing Training in ChennaiStudent Feedback - Software Testing
1. What made you choose the course
and institute you did?
I
wanted to pursue a course on software testing tools , so that it will be of a
great help during my placements. I knew that Metaforum Technologies at Chennai
could give me a customized course that I could finish quickly.
2. What made you choose the route of furthering your studies
with a institute ?
I think a crash course at a
institute would help me during my campus placements
3. In what ways has this course value added to your career /
personal development? What kind of opportunities would you say this course has
presented to you?
I think
my Trainer Mrs. Kavitha was kind enough to share real-life examples in the
working world, thereby allowing me to embrace the realities of the working
world and what kind of person I would be as an employee in a company.
4. How do you manage your time
in college and institute at the same time?
It was
a challenge to manage time for college and institute. But my institute had a
flexible time slots, so I was able to manage.
5. Was there anyone who motivated you to take a crash course on
testing?
My Professors
and Seniors motivated me to take up this course.
6. How would you describe your experience at Metaforum
Technologies?
I could
say that my experience at Metaforum Technologies was memorable because I spent
most of my time learning various software testing tools hands – on with a live
project.
7. What would be the one thing you’ll say to other / prospective
students?
Training in this institute is
really hands on with live projects. Trainers are all experienced and motivated
to share their knowledge with students.
QTP Training in Chennai
QTP Training in Chennai
Placement - A One Word Mantra
Hello Everyone, this is second in line of our series of blogs on placement. Hope this will be useful. Special thanks to Mr.Satish Kumar, ABAP consultant, NTT DATA, Chennai, our well-wisher.
Introduction:
Placement, a single musical note that is used by some to
make the youngsters to dance for their tunes.
The most unfortunate scenario is to find youngsters to fall in their
trap. This clearly states that youngsters in search of their aspiring Job fails
to build their own path towards it and starts following some paths suggested by
others, later they will realize that this was not the destination they desired
to reach. In short they hand over their dream to someone else and expect them
to construct in exact way they wished to which is never gonna happen. Hope no
civil engineer is reading this blogJ
Technically, if you dare to dream then try building your own
original path version to it rather using some cracked version because later you
may realize that you don’t have an option for auto upgradation.
In this Blog I would like to enlighten you all the truths
and facts behind getting a job and in reaching our desired positions in life.
Know Your Fight:
Its better to know your fight before you start it. The art
of winning a fight doesn’t depend on choosing the right fight but rather in
choosing the right weapon. Again the chosen weapon will get its full credit
only when it is used by the right person. Yes, you are that person and the
technology that you choose is the weapon to fight against this world full of
techno war.
It’s always better to know your strength before choosing the
technology of your choice. Explore the options; know the one which can help you
best and then suit up yourself with it.
What is a Right
Placement?
Right placement depends on how much leverage that the Job
provides in achieving the next level. Your profile must always be in search of
upgradation just like technologies. Right placement will hold all these
attributes. Don’t get faked by false promises given by few institutions. There
is a lot of difference in swimming in a pool and in a ocean. A good job is not
the one that pay you but the reality of the job lies how much rich does it make
you through knowledge. Sadly “Most of us are eager in earning
rather learning”. Earn a job only through the knowledge and talent
you posses. Only this attitude can help you holding it. The right Job should
help you in building a career out of it, rather serving you for a couple of
years.
Statistics:
We all know the statistics about the freshers joining in IT
industry but do you have any idea on the percentage of the drop outs? It is
also dangerously high. And that’s the exact reason for huge opening for
freshers every year. What do you think the reason for such a surge? It is all
because of the wrong choice that they have made earlier. We all know “Well Begun
is half Done” but most of us really forgot that the remaining half is yet to be
done. A good start in the career can impress others but only an accomplished
career will make people to follow your path. Be a light for your path rather
closing it completely.
Acceptance of
being in Fight:
The foremost mistake that everyone commits is getting into
an ideology of mission accomplished , once we get our offer letter. What we
fail to understand is we have just begun our battle in this technological world
war. Understand and more importantly accept the fight, learn and know your
work. Keep working with a hope of understanding new things rather hoping to get
it completed somehow. Enrich your ideas and to do that make yourself rich in
knowledge first.
Conclusion:
Being said all these, it depends on each and every
individual to extract out the real value of this blog. If there is one factor
that brought you till here in this blog, it is your thirst for knowledge.
Ensure that you have an unquenchable thirst with respect to knowledge.
Hope this blog will serve as a spark to lighten your forever
glowing career. Its well known that Hardwork will always be answered but ensure
you work hard in the right path. To conclude,
“Know , Understand and finally Accept
the Fight”
Posted by Satish Kumar
Balasubramanian
Senior ABAP Consultant
NTT Data
Chennai
satishprince16@gmail.com
100% placement !!! Myth or Reality?
Job placement,
especially when it comes to freshers is a puzzle to solve. Thanks to
mushrooming engineering colleges/Software Training institutes, India has become
a country, where people first become engineers and IT professionals, then
figure out what they want to do in their career / lives! Here is our view on
100% job placement stories.
Next flock
Come June, another
batch of engineering students will be passing out of college. Given that
hardly 20% of them are employable, next step for them is to start searching for
courses with training institutes. Thanks to the lower level entry barrier, every
corner of the town / city is filled with institutes claiming “100%
placement assurance” | “We guarantee you a job” | ” Join our course, walk
out with a job offer” etc. How much truth is there in such job placement
advertisements? Let us have a look.
Profile of an engineer
Here is how these
institutes see a typical profile of engineer who is looking for a job
placement:
1. Graduated from a tier-2 or tier-3 engineering
college from a town / city
2. Has no clue about problem solving. Somehow got
into or pushed into engineering because of societial / parental pressure etc.
3. Can hardly communicate his views to others
4. Has very high expectation job placement with a
plush IT company with six digit salary. He strongly believes that he deserves
that, even though he has not written more than 10 lines of program in any
programming language on his own
With such a backgound
when they walk out of college the 100% job placement creates a wave in their
minds. This is mainly because such messages makes them believe that all it
takes to hand in a high paying job is just a 2-3 months affair. The story
goes further where they get cheated by such institutes without any job
placement. They forget the fact that if 4 years of engineering can’t get them a
job, how come a institute with a 3 month training program can do that?
Job placements – top institutes no different!
Cut to so called top premium
institutes with accreditation (Don’t ask accrediting agency !!!). We hear
some of these institutes send their students to interviews in few companies and
some of them are getting placed also ( don’t worry about what type of company)
and put their reviews in YouTube( who knows if they are real reviews). This
makes most of them believe that these institutes are great career launchers. The
reality is different there also. Even in so called premium institutes more than
50% of the students pass out of the campus without having a job placement. It
is not a institute’s mistake, but an individual failed to meet expectation of
the company in some form or other( For god sake, please understand that) . If a
engineer from top notch engineering college can’t get into campus job placement
how come anybody can get into a job directly. Every student needs perseverance.
Bottom line
So the bottom line is
– If an individual doesn’t meet entry criteria for a job placement, he doesn’t
get selected, irrespective of the type of institute including ours. Rather we
can go ahead and say nobody ( certainly us, can give a job guarantee to
anybody. Agreed, finishing schools (called as training institutes) play a vital
role in bridging the gap. However bridging the gap is not very easy given the
so much of limitations with engineering students as mentioned above. It
requires a very systematic and step-by-step and careful approach to make an
individual employable. That is what one should expect from these institutes.
Our journey
Its been a very interesting
journey for us in Metaforum Technologies by going through this cycle. However
we have a clear view about how we are going to approach this challenge. In
alignment with our training philosophy of ‘coach’ and ‘applied learning’ we
take the training approach as follows:
1.
Engineers should solve
problems – IT is not very different. To start with we build a strong base
by making individuals to convert a given problem statement into working
program. In such approach more than 80% of the time is spent time with analysing
the solving the problem on paper before jumping into writing code.
2.
Once the base is built,
the next step is to apply into various scenarios. Say in case of Java, its
about using it for writing a web based application that runs out of a server
etc.
3. Shaping up behavioural skills is a parallel
activity. Be it in terms of discipline, communication, openness etc.. by taking
a long term view of the career. This requires constant monitoring of
individuals and providing them with timely feedback on how they can work on
these individual skills. Apparently putting them across working professionals
(via our industry mentors, one of our mentor Mr. Raja is a patent holder), we
are able to see significant changes in shaping up behaviour
4. During the process not everybody is equal.
Some might do well and some might not. In such cases taking continuous
improvement approach helps. In case an individual lacks in a specific area,
providing additional coaching and support in that area has helped them to come
out of it by building lot of self confidence
Conclusion
We are not
recommending above mentioned steps is a sure short receipe for making an
individual job ready. However we have seen very positive results in terms of
job enablement by successfully converting college students into working
professionals. Based on our experience we can say that it takes time (atleast 4
to 6 months) to transform individuals during which they need to be co-operative
and working hard. Thats the only simple and sure shot way to achieve job
guarentee rather than taking any short cut steps.
In the mean time watch
out if anybody says 100% job placement guarantee, because we clearly know what
it takes to get there!
7 - Time Management tips for students
1) What do you have to do?
The first stage of improving your time management is to list absolutely everything that you have to do. This may sound obvious, but speaking from experience, most students tend to leave important tasks until the last minute, which can impact on the quality of their work and their overall grade.
Include any university deadlines as well as any shifts you work on the list, and make a note of how much time each priority will take out of your schedule.
2) Create a life schedule
Whether it’s a pin-up planner, a timetable or a calendar on your phone, find an organizing tool that works well for you and add your list of priorities to it. Also, think about when you are most alert, so that you can plan your study periods around these times.
Find time for socializing, but also make sure that you get enough sleep. Most people need between 7 to 8 hours sleep every night to remain focused and alert during study periods.
3) Be flexible but realistic
Typically, allow around 8-10 hours a day for working, studying, socializing and anything else practical you need to do.
As a full-time student, you’re expected to dedicate 35 hours a week to university studies, including the time you spend in seminars and lectures. If you only spend 15 hours a week attending tutor-led learning, you should use the extra 20 hours for independent study.
It’s also important to remember that things often take longer than expected. So, allow a little extra time in case you spend longer on a task than you thought you would.
4) Allow time for planning to avoid repetition
Taking the time to research, plan and think about your work is crucial for good time management. Allow yourself the time to process new information and plan how you are going to use it, as this can help you to avoid having to re-read and repeat any research.
One way of effectively planning before researching is to make a list of everything you want to find out, so that you can make notes below each subheading as you go.
5) Avoid procrastination and distraction
One way to avoid procrastination is to think about the different places you have been when studying – where were you the most focused? Where were you most distracted?
Remember, what works for one person might not necessarily work for you. For some, studying with friends can limit their productivity. But for others, studying in groups can help to increase motivation and avoid procrastination.
6) Exercise to clear your head in between study sessions
Believe it or not, exercise works in the same way sleep does. It can focus your state of mind, helping you to clear your head in between study sessions. If you’re new to exercise, aim to fit in a 10-minute run here and there, steadily increasing the amount you do as you go on.
7) Has your organization been effective?
Constantly reviewing and reassessing your schedule can help you to recognize whether you need to make any changes in order to help you complete any university tasks and also have time to relax and spend time with friends and family.
Courtesy : Topuniversitites.com
The first stage of improving your time management is to list absolutely everything that you have to do. This may sound obvious, but speaking from experience, most students tend to leave important tasks until the last minute, which can impact on the quality of their work and their overall grade.
Include any university deadlines as well as any shifts you work on the list, and make a note of how much time each priority will take out of your schedule.
2) Create a life schedule
Whether it’s a pin-up planner, a timetable or a calendar on your phone, find an organizing tool that works well for you and add your list of priorities to it. Also, think about when you are most alert, so that you can plan your study periods around these times.
Find time for socializing, but also make sure that you get enough sleep. Most people need between 7 to 8 hours sleep every night to remain focused and alert during study periods.
3) Be flexible but realistic
Typically, allow around 8-10 hours a day for working, studying, socializing and anything else practical you need to do.
As a full-time student, you’re expected to dedicate 35 hours a week to university studies, including the time you spend in seminars and lectures. If you only spend 15 hours a week attending tutor-led learning, you should use the extra 20 hours for independent study.
It’s also important to remember that things often take longer than expected. So, allow a little extra time in case you spend longer on a task than you thought you would.
4) Allow time for planning to avoid repetition
Taking the time to research, plan and think about your work is crucial for good time management. Allow yourself the time to process new information and plan how you are going to use it, as this can help you to avoid having to re-read and repeat any research.
One way of effectively planning before researching is to make a list of everything you want to find out, so that you can make notes below each subheading as you go.
5) Avoid procrastination and distraction
One way to avoid procrastination is to think about the different places you have been when studying – where were you the most focused? Where were you most distracted?
Remember, what works for one person might not necessarily work for you. For some, studying with friends can limit their productivity. But for others, studying in groups can help to increase motivation and avoid procrastination.
6) Exercise to clear your head in between study sessions
Believe it or not, exercise works in the same way sleep does. It can focus your state of mind, helping you to clear your head in between study sessions. If you’re new to exercise, aim to fit in a 10-minute run here and there, steadily increasing the amount you do as you go on.
7) Has your organization been effective?
Constantly reviewing and reassessing your schedule can help you to recognize whether you need to make any changes in order to help you complete any university tasks and also have time to relax and spend time with friends and family.
Courtesy : Topuniversitites.com
Benefits of Single page Resume
Recruiters and Managers have a Short Attention Span
It makes you feed only Meangingful Information
You are able to Secure a Clear Format of Writing
Limitation makes You Write Better
It helps you to Avoid Making Mistakes
You can list down only your strengths
Your Job target keywords are easily noticeable
It makes you appear clear and concise about your career
You are easily able to drag recruiter’s attention towards important information about yourself
You are efficiently able to showcase your values
It makes you appear more organized
The recruiter understands that you believe in delivering important information only
Some recruiters consider one page resume a save of time
A single page is enough to create an impression over others
It helps you avoid including fluff or unimpressive information
It appears more understandable and factual
Your accomplishments become easily visible
It does not become boring
It implies that you are not overselling yourself
It shows that you understand how to be brief
It is time saving for you as well
The Two Page resume is worth only when you have lots of important information to share
One page resume is more easy and convenient to write
It portrays your professional intelligence
Author: Krishna Reddy, Senior HR consultant, Lithan/SG
Need help in resume writing, Please call us @ 8056547543
It makes you feed only Meangingful Information
You are able to Secure a Clear Format of Writing
Limitation makes You Write Better
It helps you to Avoid Making Mistakes
You can list down only your strengths
Your Job target keywords are easily noticeable
It makes you appear clear and concise about your career
You are easily able to drag recruiter’s attention towards important information about yourself
You are efficiently able to showcase your values
It makes you appear more organized
The recruiter understands that you believe in delivering important information only
Some recruiters consider one page resume a save of time
A single page is enough to create an impression over others
It helps you avoid including fluff or unimpressive information
It appears more understandable and factual
Your accomplishments become easily visible
It does not become boring
It implies that you are not overselling yourself
It shows that you understand how to be brief
It is time saving for you as well
The Two Page resume is worth only when you have lots of important information to share
One page resume is more easy and convenient to write
It portrays your professional intelligence
Author: Krishna Reddy, Senior HR consultant, Lithan/SG
Need help in resume writing, Please call us @ 8056547543
Case Study QTP/UFT - Metaforum Technologies - Software Testing
Project Description: Insurance domain
Students will build applications that will ensure claims are processed quickly and efficiently.
Operator flexibility is the key, and it is important to improve operator productivity while processing claims.
Real-time status for quick re submission and faster reimbursements.
Objective of Testing Live in Environment
Students will build applications that will ensure claims are processed quickly and efficiently.
Operator flexibility is the key, and it is important to improve operator productivity while processing claims.
Real-time status for quick re submission and faster reimbursements.
Objective of Testing Live in Environment
Create Data driven, Keyword driven and Hybrid test framework.
Performing Regression Testing ,Endurance Testing,
Functional and Non Functional Testing ,Batch Test….
Reporting mechanism in Structured Organization.
Performing Regression Testing ,Endurance Testing,
Functional and Non Functional Testing ,Batch Test….
Reporting mechanism in Structured Organization.
Case Study - Manual Testing course - Software Testing
At the end of this course, Students will be working in a live project like this
Project Description:
A company wants to develop a Human capital management that can be used and modified by SMEs located in a specific country and internationally
It has couple of versions
1. Professional
2. Enterprise. Its features include personal information management. When managers or customers needs to get into online or modifies on the already existing site or application, a solution is necessary, which is a few lines of code. A customer then reaches out to a software service provider to make this software feasible. This is when software project inception begins..
To go through this complete case study, pls visit our office
Project Description:
A company wants to develop a Human capital management that can be used and modified by SMEs located in a specific country and internationally
It has couple of versions
1. Professional
2. Enterprise. Its features include personal information management. When managers or customers needs to get into online or modifies on the already existing site or application, a solution is necessary, which is a few lines of code. A customer then reaches out to a software service provider to make this software feasible. This is when software project inception begins..
To go through this complete case study, pls visit our office
Why Selenium?
Selenium is primarily a testing tool that automates browsers and web applications. It is an open source technology that provides a portable software testing framework to software testers. Since its inception in 2004, the Selenium functional testing tool has come a long way and is currently one of the leading free testing tools available in the industry. Due to its open source nature, programmers from all over the world can and do improve the code continuously. Selenium is available for all major platforms (Windows, Macintosh, and Linux) and works on major browsers.
In this blog post, we will discuss Selenium IDE, Selenium WebDriver, and why Selenium is a good option for software testers
Selenium IDE
Selenium IDE is a Firefox add-on that is used for recording, creating, and enhancing scripts. It is used to record your interactions with the browser and play them back. IDE stands for integrated development environment.
Selenium IDE records scripts in a special scripting language called Selenese. This language makes it easier for the tester to provide commands to the browser, such as automating the browser to select an option or to click a link. There are also commands for retrieving data from pages. The commands can be moved around quickly and there is auto completion support for editing them. Scripts in Selenese may also be recorded automatically.
Selenium IDE is popularly used for creating bug reproduction scripts and exploratory testing scripts. Selenium training in Chennai The best thing about Selenium IDE is that Selenese is easy to understand and anyone with a basic knowledge of web application testing can learn Selenium IDE in a few days.
Selenium WebDriver
The Selenium WebDriver drives a browser natively as a user would. It uses the Selenium Server and is a major advancement in browser automation technology. The Selenium WebDriver has rendered the Selenium Remote Control obsolete, and is commonly referred to as Selenium 2.0.
The Selenium Remote Control had a few limitations. It had a single host origin policy, and the file upload, download, dialogs, and pop-up functions affected the functional test coverage. The Selenium WebDriver does not have such limitations and supports Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, iPhone, Android, and all major browsing platforms effectively.
Selenium 2.0 does not require a special server and can start and control a browser directly. If the tests are being conducted on remote systems, the Selenium grid can be used. Selenium 2.0 is supported by C#, Ruby, Python, and Java.
The Selenium WebDriver has two aims:
1. To become the WebDriver standard in major programming languages
2. To enable developers to build their own domain specific language
With such aims and the technology to achieve them, Selenium 2.0 will be popular among testers who want to scale and distribute scripts across multiple environments. Selenium is an ever evolving technology and the sooner you start learning it the sooner you can benefit from it.
Advantages of Learning Selenium
There are many advantages of learning Selenium, especially if you are looking to enhance your career options in the testing industry. In every field you have to keep learning and evolving with time if you want to prosper. This holds especially true for the IT industry. If you are a web application tester and are still using manual testing, Selenium will change your career dramatically.
By learning how to automate testing through Selenium, you will be able to accomplish more in less time, and will be able to offer your services to more clients. Given that Selenium is a rapidly growing technology, it is extremely important for anyone in the testing industry to at least gain basic knowledge about it. Learning Selenium is a wise option for those looking for a thriving career in the testing industry.
Selenium 2.0 supports all major browsers, all major operating systems, all major programming languages, and easily runs multiple tests simultaneously. It is a few improvements away from becoming a universal testing standard. When such a technology is available freely at your disposal, learning how to use it is a no-brainer.
More and more companies are looking for skilled Selenium resources and there are plenty of opportunities for someone good at this open source tool.
As with any other open source technology, you have to read the literature and have to stay updated with the latest changes being introduced. We recommend using the official Selenium website to keep up with the latest Selenium news. In short, if you test web applications for a living, learn Selenium, it will make your life easier.
We hope this blog post helped you gain a basic understanding of Selenium and why you should try a Selenium Tutorial.
Metaforum Technologies offers one of the best selenium training in Chennai. Click here for our course content. To register, visit www.metaforumtechnologies.com
Refer our following blogs for software testing comprehensive interview questions
Software Testing Training - Interview Questions - Part 3
111. What is the difference between UAT (User Acceptance Testing) and System testing?
System Testing: System testing is finding defects when the system under goes testing as a whole, it is also known as end to end testing. In such type of testing, the application undergoes from beginning till the end.
UAT: User Acceptance Testing (UAT) involves running a product through a series of specific tests which determines whether the product will meet the needs of its users.
112. Mention the difference between Data Driven Testing and Retesting?
Retesting: It is a process of checking bugs that are actioned by development team to verify that they are actually fixed.
Data Driven Testing (DDT): In data driven testing process, application is tested with multiple test data. Application is tested with different set of values.
113. What are the valuable steps to resolve issues while testing?
Record : Log and handle any problems which has happened
Report: Report the issues to higher level manager
Control: Define the issue management process
114. What is the difference between test scenarios, test cases and test script?
Difference between test scenarios and test cases is that
Test Scenarios: Test scenario is prepared before the actual testing starts, it includes plans for testing product, number of team members, environmental condition, making test cases, making test plans and all the features that are to be tested for the product.
Test Cases: It is a document that contains the steps that has to be executed, it has been planned earlier.
Test Script: It is written in a programming language and it's a short program used to test part of functionality of the software system. In other words a written set of steps that should be performed manually.
115. What is Latent defect?
Latent defect: This defect is an existing defect in the system which does not cause any failure as the exact set of conditions has never been met
116. What are the two parameters which can be useful to know the quality of test execution?
To know the quality of test execution we can use two parameters
Defect reject ratio
Defect leakage ratio
117. What is the function of software testing tool "phantom"?
Phantom is a freeware, and is used for windows GUI automation scripting language. It allows to take control of windows and functions automatically. It can simulate any combination of key strokes and mouse clicks as well as menus, lists and more.
118. Explain what is Test Deliverables ?
Test Deliverables are set of documents, tools and other components that has to be developed and maintained in support of testing.
There are different test deliverables at every phase of the software development lifecycle
Before Testing
During Testing
After the Testing
119. What is mutation testing?
Mutation testing is a technique to identify if a set of test data or test case is useful by intentionally introducing various code changes (bugs) and retesting with original test data/ cases to determine if the bugs are detected.
120. What all things you should consider before selecting automation tools for the AUT?
Technical Feasibility
Complexity level
Application stability
Test data
Application size
Re-usability of automated scripts
Execution across environment
121. How will you conduct Risk Analysis?
For the risk analysis following steps need to be implemented
a) Finding the score of the risk
b) Making a profile for the risk
c) Changing the risk properties
d) Deploy the resources of that test risk
e) Making a database of risk
122. What are the categories of debugging?
Categories for debugging
a) Brute force debugging
b) Backtracking
c) Cause elimination
d) Program slicing
e) Fault tree analysis
123. What is fault masking explain with example?
When presence of one defect hides the presence of another defect in the system is known as fault masking.
Example : If the "Negative Value" cause a firing of unhandled system exception, the developer will prevent the negative values inpu. This will resolve the issue and hide the defect of unhandled exception firing.
124. Explain what is Test Plan ? What are the information that should be covered in Test Plan ?
A test plan can be defined as a document describing the scope, approach, resources and schedule of testing activities and a test plan should cover the following details.
Test Strategy
Test Objective
Exit/Suspension Criteria
Resource Planning
Test Deliverables
125. How you can eliminate the product risk in your project ?
To eliminate product risk in your project, there is simple yet crucial step that can reduce the product risk in your project.
Investigate the specification documents
Have discussions about the project with all stakeholders including the developer
As a real user walk around the website
126. What are the common risk that leads to the project failure?
The common risk that leads to a project failure are
Not having enough human resource
Testing Environment may not be set up properly
Limited Budget
Time Limitations
127. On what basis you can arrive to an estimation for your project?
To estimate your project , you have to consider following points
Divide the whole project into a smallest tasks
Allocate each task to team members
Estimate the effort required to complete each task
Validate the estimation
128. Explain how you would allocate task to team members ?
Task
Member
Analyze software requirement specification
All the members
Create the test specification
Tester/Test Analyst
Build up the test environment
Test administrator
Execute the test cases
Tester, Test administrator
Report defects
Tester
129. Explain what is testing type and what are the commonly used testing type ?
To get an expected test outcome a standard procedure is followed which is referred as Testing Type.
Commonly used testing types are
Unit Testing: Test the smallest code of an application
API Testing: Testing API created for the application
Integration Testing: Individual software modules are combined and tested
System Testing: Complete testing of system
Install/UnInstall Testing: Testing done from the point of client/customer view
Agile Testing: Testing through Agile technique
130. While monitoring your project what all things you have to consider ?
The things that has to be taken in considerations are
Is you project on schedule
Are you over budget
Are you working towards the same career goal
Have you got enough resources
Are there any warning signs of impending problems
Is there any pressure from management to complete the project sooner
131. What are the common mistakes which creates issues ?
Matching resources to wrong projects
Test manager lack of skills
Not listening to others
Poor Scheduling
Underestimating
Ignoring the small problems
Not following the process
132. What does a typical test report contains? What are the benefits of test reports?
A test report contains following things:
Project Information
Test Objective
Test Summary
Defect
The benefits of test reports are:
Current status of project and quality of product are informed
If required, stake holder and customer can take corrective action
A final document helps to decide whether the product is ready for release
133. What is test management review and why it is important?
Management review is also referred as Software Quality Assurance or SQA. SQA focusses more on the software process rather than the software work products. It is a set of activities designed to make sure that the project manager follows the standard process. SQA helps test manager to benchmark the project against the set standards.
134. What are the best practices for software quality assurance?
The best practices for an effective SQA implementation is
Continuous Improvement
Documentation
Tool Usage
Metrics
Responsibility by team members
Experienced SQA auditors
135. When is RTM (Requirement Traceability Matrix) prepared ?
RTM is prepared before test case designing. Requirements should be traceable from review activities.
136. What is difference between Test matrix and Traceability matrix?
Test Matrix: Test matrix is used to capture actual quality, effort, the plan, resources and time required to capture all phases of software testing
Traceability Matrix:Mapping between test cases and customer requirements is known as Traceability Matrix
137. In manual testing what are stubs and drivers?
Both stubs and drivers are part of incremental testing. In incremental testing there are two approaches namely bottom up and top down approach. Drivers are used in bottom up testing and stub is used for top down approach. In order to test the main module, stub is used, whuich is a dummy code or program .
138. What are the step you would follow once you find the defect?
Once defect is found you would follow the step
a) Recreate the defect
b) Attach the screen shot
c) Log the defect
139. Explain what is "Test Plan Driven" or "Key Word Driven" method of testing?
This technique uses the actual test case document developed by testers using a spread sheet containing special "key Words". The key words control the processing.
140. What is DFD (Data Flow Diagram) ?
When a "flow of data" through an information system is graphically represented then it is known as Data Flow Diagram. It is also used for the visualization of data processing.
141. Explain what is LCSAJ?
LCSAJ stands for 'linear code sequence and jump'. It consists of the following three items
a) Start of the linear sequence of executable statements
b) End of the linear sequence
c) The target line to which control flow is transferred at the end of the linear sequence
142. Explain what is N+1 testing?
The variation of regression testing is represented as N+1. In this technique the testing is performed in multiple cycles in which errors found in test cycle 'N' are resolved and re-tested in test cycle N+1. The cycle is repeated unless there are no errors found.
143. What is Fuzz testing and when it is used?
Fuzz testing is used to detect security loopholes and coding errors in software. In this technique random data is added to the system in attempt to crash the system. If vulnerability persists, a tool called fuzz tester is used to determine potential causes. This technique is more useful for bigger projects but only detects major fault.
144. Mention what are the main advantages of statement coverage metric of software testing?
The benefit of statement coverage metric is that
a) It does not require processing source code and can be applied directly to object code
b) Bugs are distributed evenly through code, due to which percentage of executable statements covered reflects the percentage of faults discovered
145. How to generate test cases for replace string method?
a) If characters in new string > characters in previous string. None of the characters should get truncated
b) If characters in new string< characters in previous string. Junk characters should not be added
c) Spaces after and before the string should not be deleted
d) String should be replaced only for the first occurrence of the string
146. How will you handle a conflict amogst your team members ?
I will talk individually to each person and note their concerns
I will find solution to the common problems raised by team members
I will hold a team meeting , reveal the solution and ask people to co-operate
147. Mention what are the categories of defects?
Mainly there are three defect categories
Wrong: When requirement is implemented incorrectly
Missing: It is a variance from the specification, an indication that a specification was not implemented or a requirement of the customer is not met
Extra: A requirement incorporated into the product that was not given by the end customer. It is considered as a defect because it is a variance from the existing requirements
148. Explain how does a test coverage tool works?
The code coverage testing tool runs parallel while performing testing on the actual product. The code coverage tool monitors the executed statements of the source code. When the final testing is done we get a complete report of the pending statements and also get the coverage percentage.
149. Mention what is the difference between a "defect" and a "failure" in software testing?
In simple terms when a defect reaches the end customer it is called a failure while the defect is identified internally and resolved then it is referred as defect.
150. Explain how to test documents in a project that span across the software development lifecycle?
The project span across the software development lifecycle in following manner
Central/Project test plan: It is the main test plan that outlines the complete test strategy of the project. This plan is used till the end of the software development lifecycle
Acceptance test plan: This document begins during the requirement phase and is completed at final delivery
System test plan: This plan starts during the design plan and proceeds until the end of the project
Integration and Unit test plan: Both these test plans start during the execution phase and last until the final delivery
151. Explain which test cases are written first black boxes or white boxes?
Black box test cases are written first as to write black box test cases; it requires project plan and requirement document all these documents are easily available at the beginning of the project. While writing white box test cases requires more architectural understanding and is not available at the start of the project.
152. Explain what is the difference between latent and masked defects?
Latent defect: A latent defect is an existing defect that has not caused a failure because the sets of conditions were never met
Masked defect: It is an existing defect that has not caused a failure because another defect has prevented that part of the code from being executed
153. Mention what is bottom up testing?
Bottom up testing is an approach to integration testing, where the lowest level components are tested first, then used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. The process is repeated until the component at the top of the hierarchy is tested.
154. Mention what are the different types of test coverage techniques?
Different types of test coverage techniques include
Statement Coverage: It verifies that each line of source code has been executed and tested
Decision Coverage: It ensures that every decision in the source code is executed and tested
Path Coverage: It ensures that every possible route through a given part of code is executed and tested
155. Mention what is the meaning of breadth testing?
Breadth testing is a test suite that exercises the full functionality of a product but does not test features in detail
156. Mention what is the difference between Pilot and Beta testing?
The difference between pilot and beta testing is that pilot testing is actually done using the product by the group of user before the final deployment and in beta testing we do not input real data, but it is installed at the end customer to validate if the product can be used in production.
157. Explain what is the meaning of Code Walk Through?
Code Walk Through is the informal analysis of the program source code to find defects and verify coding techniques
158. Mention what are the basic components of defect report format?
The basic components of defect report format includes
Project Name
Module Name
Defect detected on
Defect detected by
Defect ID and Name
Snapshot of the defect
Priority and Severity status
Defect resolved by
Defect resolved on
159. Mention what is the purpose behind doing end-to-end testing?
End-to end testing is done after functional testing. The purpose behind doing end-to-end testing is that
To validate the software requirements and integration with external interfaces
Testing application in real world environment scenario
Testing of interaction between application and database
160. Explain what it means by test harness?
A test harness is configuring a set of tools and test data to test an application in various conditions, it involves monitoring the output with expected output for correctness.
161. Explain in a testing project what testing activities would you automate?
In a testing project testing activities you would automate are
Tests that need to be run for every build of the application
Tests that use multiple data for the same set of actions
Identical tests that needs to be executed using different browsers
Mission critical pages
Transaction with pages that do not change in short time
System Testing: System testing is finding defects when the system under goes testing as a whole, it is also known as end to end testing. In such type of testing, the application undergoes from beginning till the end.
UAT: User Acceptance Testing (UAT) involves running a product through a series of specific tests which determines whether the product will meet the needs of its users.
112. Mention the difference between Data Driven Testing and Retesting?
Retesting: It is a process of checking bugs that are actioned by development team to verify that they are actually fixed.
Data Driven Testing (DDT): In data driven testing process, application is tested with multiple test data. Application is tested with different set of values.
113. What are the valuable steps to resolve issues while testing?
Record : Log and handle any problems which has happened
Report: Report the issues to higher level manager
Control: Define the issue management process
114. What is the difference between test scenarios, test cases and test script?
Difference between test scenarios and test cases is that
Test Scenarios: Test scenario is prepared before the actual testing starts, it includes plans for testing product, number of team members, environmental condition, making test cases, making test plans and all the features that are to be tested for the product.
Test Cases: It is a document that contains the steps that has to be executed, it has been planned earlier.
Test Script: It is written in a programming language and it's a short program used to test part of functionality of the software system. In other words a written set of steps that should be performed manually.
115. What is Latent defect?
Latent defect: This defect is an existing defect in the system which does not cause any failure as the exact set of conditions has never been met
116. What are the two parameters which can be useful to know the quality of test execution?
To know the quality of test execution we can use two parameters
Defect reject ratio
Defect leakage ratio
117. What is the function of software testing tool "phantom"?
Phantom is a freeware, and is used for windows GUI automation scripting language. It allows to take control of windows and functions automatically. It can simulate any combination of key strokes and mouse clicks as well as menus, lists and more.
118. Explain what is Test Deliverables ?
Test Deliverables are set of documents, tools and other components that has to be developed and maintained in support of testing.
There are different test deliverables at every phase of the software development lifecycle
Before Testing
During Testing
After the Testing
119. What is mutation testing?
Mutation testing is a technique to identify if a set of test data or test case is useful by intentionally introducing various code changes (bugs) and retesting with original test data/ cases to determine if the bugs are detected.
120. What all things you should consider before selecting automation tools for the AUT?
Technical Feasibility
Complexity level
Application stability
Test data
Application size
Re-usability of automated scripts
Execution across environment
121. How will you conduct Risk Analysis?
For the risk analysis following steps need to be implemented
a) Finding the score of the risk
b) Making a profile for the risk
c) Changing the risk properties
d) Deploy the resources of that test risk
e) Making a database of risk
122. What are the categories of debugging?
Categories for debugging
a) Brute force debugging
b) Backtracking
c) Cause elimination
d) Program slicing
e) Fault tree analysis
123. What is fault masking explain with example?
When presence of one defect hides the presence of another defect in the system is known as fault masking.
Example : If the "Negative Value" cause a firing of unhandled system exception, the developer will prevent the negative values inpu. This will resolve the issue and hide the defect of unhandled exception firing.
124. Explain what is Test Plan ? What are the information that should be covered in Test Plan ?
A test plan can be defined as a document describing the scope, approach, resources and schedule of testing activities and a test plan should cover the following details.
Test Strategy
Test Objective
Exit/Suspension Criteria
Resource Planning
Test Deliverables
125. How you can eliminate the product risk in your project ?
To eliminate product risk in your project, there is simple yet crucial step that can reduce the product risk in your project.
Investigate the specification documents
Have discussions about the project with all stakeholders including the developer
As a real user walk around the website
126. What are the common risk that leads to the project failure?
The common risk that leads to a project failure are
Not having enough human resource
Testing Environment may not be set up properly
Limited Budget
Time Limitations
127. On what basis you can arrive to an estimation for your project?
To estimate your project , you have to consider following points
Divide the whole project into a smallest tasks
Allocate each task to team members
Estimate the effort required to complete each task
Validate the estimation
128. Explain how you would allocate task to team members ?
Task
Member
Analyze software requirement specification
All the members
Create the test specification
Tester/Test Analyst
Build up the test environment
Test administrator
Execute the test cases
Tester, Test administrator
Report defects
Tester
129. Explain what is testing type and what are the commonly used testing type ?
To get an expected test outcome a standard procedure is followed which is referred as Testing Type.
Commonly used testing types are
Unit Testing: Test the smallest code of an application
API Testing: Testing API created for the application
Integration Testing: Individual software modules are combined and tested
System Testing: Complete testing of system
Install/UnInstall Testing: Testing done from the point of client/customer view
Agile Testing: Testing through Agile technique
130. While monitoring your project what all things you have to consider ?
The things that has to be taken in considerations are
Is you project on schedule
Are you over budget
Are you working towards the same career goal
Have you got enough resources
Are there any warning signs of impending problems
Is there any pressure from management to complete the project sooner
131. What are the common mistakes which creates issues ?
Matching resources to wrong projects
Test manager lack of skills
Not listening to others
Poor Scheduling
Underestimating
Ignoring the small problems
Not following the process
132. What does a typical test report contains? What are the benefits of test reports?
A test report contains following things:
Project Information
Test Objective
Test Summary
Defect
The benefits of test reports are:
Current status of project and quality of product are informed
If required, stake holder and customer can take corrective action
A final document helps to decide whether the product is ready for release
133. What is test management review and why it is important?
Management review is also referred as Software Quality Assurance or SQA. SQA focusses more on the software process rather than the software work products. It is a set of activities designed to make sure that the project manager follows the standard process. SQA helps test manager to benchmark the project against the set standards.
134. What are the best practices for software quality assurance?
The best practices for an effective SQA implementation is
Continuous Improvement
Documentation
Tool Usage
Metrics
Responsibility by team members
Experienced SQA auditors
135. When is RTM (Requirement Traceability Matrix) prepared ?
RTM is prepared before test case designing. Requirements should be traceable from review activities.
136. What is difference between Test matrix and Traceability matrix?
Test Matrix: Test matrix is used to capture actual quality, effort, the plan, resources and time required to capture all phases of software testing
Traceability Matrix:Mapping between test cases and customer requirements is known as Traceability Matrix
137. In manual testing what are stubs and drivers?
Both stubs and drivers are part of incremental testing. In incremental testing there are two approaches namely bottom up and top down approach. Drivers are used in bottom up testing and stub is used for top down approach. In order to test the main module, stub is used, whuich is a dummy code or program .
138. What are the step you would follow once you find the defect?
Once defect is found you would follow the step
a) Recreate the defect
b) Attach the screen shot
c) Log the defect
139. Explain what is "Test Plan Driven" or "Key Word Driven" method of testing?
This technique uses the actual test case document developed by testers using a spread sheet containing special "key Words". The key words control the processing.
140. What is DFD (Data Flow Diagram) ?
When a "flow of data" through an information system is graphically represented then it is known as Data Flow Diagram. It is also used for the visualization of data processing.
141. Explain what is LCSAJ?
LCSAJ stands for 'linear code sequence and jump'. It consists of the following three items
a) Start of the linear sequence of executable statements
b) End of the linear sequence
c) The target line to which control flow is transferred at the end of the linear sequence
142. Explain what is N+1 testing?
The variation of regression testing is represented as N+1. In this technique the testing is performed in multiple cycles in which errors found in test cycle 'N' are resolved and re-tested in test cycle N+1. The cycle is repeated unless there are no errors found.
143. What is Fuzz testing and when it is used?
Fuzz testing is used to detect security loopholes and coding errors in software. In this technique random data is added to the system in attempt to crash the system. If vulnerability persists, a tool called fuzz tester is used to determine potential causes. This technique is more useful for bigger projects but only detects major fault.
144. Mention what are the main advantages of statement coverage metric of software testing?
The benefit of statement coverage metric is that
a) It does not require processing source code and can be applied directly to object code
b) Bugs are distributed evenly through code, due to which percentage of executable statements covered reflects the percentage of faults discovered
145. How to generate test cases for replace string method?
a) If characters in new string > characters in previous string. None of the characters should get truncated
b) If characters in new string< characters in previous string. Junk characters should not be added
c) Spaces after and before the string should not be deleted
d) String should be replaced only for the first occurrence of the string
146. How will you handle a conflict amogst your team members ?
I will talk individually to each person and note their concerns
I will find solution to the common problems raised by team members
I will hold a team meeting , reveal the solution and ask people to co-operate
147. Mention what are the categories of defects?
Mainly there are three defect categories
Wrong: When requirement is implemented incorrectly
Missing: It is a variance from the specification, an indication that a specification was not implemented or a requirement of the customer is not met
Extra: A requirement incorporated into the product that was not given by the end customer. It is considered as a defect because it is a variance from the existing requirements
148. Explain how does a test coverage tool works?
The code coverage testing tool runs parallel while performing testing on the actual product. The code coverage tool monitors the executed statements of the source code. When the final testing is done we get a complete report of the pending statements and also get the coverage percentage.
149. Mention what is the difference between a "defect" and a "failure" in software testing?
In simple terms when a defect reaches the end customer it is called a failure while the defect is identified internally and resolved then it is referred as defect.
150. Explain how to test documents in a project that span across the software development lifecycle?
The project span across the software development lifecycle in following manner
Central/Project test plan: It is the main test plan that outlines the complete test strategy of the project. This plan is used till the end of the software development lifecycle
Acceptance test plan: This document begins during the requirement phase and is completed at final delivery
System test plan: This plan starts during the design plan and proceeds until the end of the project
Integration and Unit test plan: Both these test plans start during the execution phase and last until the final delivery
151. Explain which test cases are written first black boxes or white boxes?
Black box test cases are written first as to write black box test cases; it requires project plan and requirement document all these documents are easily available at the beginning of the project. While writing white box test cases requires more architectural understanding and is not available at the start of the project.
152. Explain what is the difference between latent and masked defects?
Latent defect: A latent defect is an existing defect that has not caused a failure because the sets of conditions were never met
Masked defect: It is an existing defect that has not caused a failure because another defect has prevented that part of the code from being executed
153. Mention what is bottom up testing?
Bottom up testing is an approach to integration testing, where the lowest level components are tested first, then used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. The process is repeated until the component at the top of the hierarchy is tested.
154. Mention what are the different types of test coverage techniques?
Different types of test coverage techniques include
Statement Coverage: It verifies that each line of source code has been executed and tested
Decision Coverage: It ensures that every decision in the source code is executed and tested
Path Coverage: It ensures that every possible route through a given part of code is executed and tested
155. Mention what is the meaning of breadth testing?
Breadth testing is a test suite that exercises the full functionality of a product but does not test features in detail
156. Mention what is the difference between Pilot and Beta testing?
The difference between pilot and beta testing is that pilot testing is actually done using the product by the group of user before the final deployment and in beta testing we do not input real data, but it is installed at the end customer to validate if the product can be used in production.
157. Explain what is the meaning of Code Walk Through?
Code Walk Through is the informal analysis of the program source code to find defects and verify coding techniques
158. Mention what are the basic components of defect report format?
The basic components of defect report format includes
Project Name
Module Name
Defect detected on
Defect detected by
Defect ID and Name
Snapshot of the defect
Priority and Severity status
Defect resolved by
Defect resolved on
159. Mention what is the purpose behind doing end-to-end testing?
End-to end testing is done after functional testing. The purpose behind doing end-to-end testing is that
To validate the software requirements and integration with external interfaces
Testing application in real world environment scenario
Testing of interaction between application and database
160. Explain what it means by test harness?
A test harness is configuring a set of tools and test data to test an application in various conditions, it involves monitoring the output with expected output for correctness.
161. Explain in a testing project what testing activities would you automate?
In a testing project testing activities you would automate are
Tests that need to be run for every build of the application
Tests that use multiple data for the same set of actions
Identical tests that needs to be executed using different browsers
Mission critical pages
Transaction with pages that do not change in short time
Software Testing Interview Questions Part 2
51. When should testing be stopped?
It depends on the risks for the system being tested. There are some criteria bases on which you can stop testing.
Deadlines (Testing, Release)
Test budget has been depleted
Bug rate fall below certain level
Test cases completed with certain percentage passed
Alpha or beta periods for testing ends
Coverage of code, functionality or requirements are met to a specified point
52. Which of the following is the main purpose of the integration strategy for integration testing in the small?
The main purpose of the integration strategy is to specify which modules to combine when and how many at once.
53.What are semi-random test cases?
Semi-random test cases are nothing but when we perform random test cases and do equivalence partitioning to those test cases, it removes redundant test cases, thus giving us semi-random test cases.
54. Given the following code, which statement is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage?
Read p
Read q
IF p+q> 100
THEN Print "Large"
ENDIF
IF p > 50
THEN Print "p Large"
ENDIF
1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
55. What is black box testing? What are the different black box testing techniques?
Black box testing is the software testing method which is used to test the software without knowing the internal structure of code or program. This testing is usually done to check the functionality of an application. The different black box testing techniques are
Equivalence Partitioning
Boundary value analysis
Cause effect graphing
56. Which review is normally used to evaluate a product to determine its suitability for intended use and to identify discrepancies?
Technical Review.
57. Why we use decision tables?
The techniques of equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are often applied to specific situations or inputs. However, if different combinations of inputs result in different actions being taken, this can be more difficult to show using equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis, which tend to be more focused on the user interface. The other two specification-based techniques, decision tables and state transition testing are more focused on business logic or business rules. A decision table is a good way to deal with combinations of things (e.g. inputs). This technique is sometimes also referred to as a 'cause-effect' table. The reason for this is that there is an associated logic diagramming technique called 'cause-effect graphing' which was sometimes used to help derive the decision table
58. Faults found should be originally documented by whom?
By testers.
59. Which is the current formal world-wide recognized documentation standard?
There isn't one.
60. Which of the following is the review participant who has created the item to be reviewed?
Author
61. A number of critical bugs are fixed in software. All the bugs are in one module, related to reports. The test manager decides to do regression testing only on the reports module.
Regression testing should be done on other modules as well because fixing one module may affect other modules.
62. Why does the boundary value analysis provide good test cases?
Because errors are frequently made during programming of the different cases near the 'edges' of the range of values.
63. What makes an inspection different from other review types?
It is led by a trained leader, uses formal entry and exit criteria and checklists.
64. Why can be tester dependent on configuration management?
Because configuration management assures that we know the exact version of the testware and the test object.
65. What is a V-Model?
A software development model that illustrates how testing activities integrate with software development phases
66. What is maintenance testing?
Triggered by modifications, migration or retirement of existing software
67. What is test coverage?
Test coverage measures in some specific way the amount of testing performed by a set of tests (derived in some other way, e.g. using specification-based techniques). Wherever we can count things and can tell whether or not each of those things has been tested by some test, then we can measure coverage.
68. Why is incremental integration preferred over "big bang" integration?
Because incremental integration has better early defects screening and isolation ability
69. When do we prepare RTM (Requirement traceability matrix), is it before test case designing or after test case designing?
It would be before test case designing. Requirements should already be traceable from Review activities since you should have traceability in the Test Plan already. This question also would depend on the organisation. If the organisations do test after development started then requirements must be already traceable to their source. To make life simpler use a tool to manage requirements.
70. What is called the process starting with the terminal modules?
Bottom-up integration
71. During which test activity could faults be found most cost effectively?
During test planning
72. The purpose of requirement phase is
To freeze requirements, to understand user needs, to define the scope of testing
73. Why we split testing into distinct stages?
We split testing into distinct stages because of following reasons,
Each test stage has a different purpose
It is easier to manage testing in stages
We can run different test into different environments
Performance and quality of the testing is improved using phased testing
74. What is DRE?
To measure test effectiveness a powerful metric is used to measure test effectiveness known as DRE (Defect Removal Efficiency) From this metric we would know how many bugs we have found from the set of test cases. Formula for calculating DRE is
DRE=Number of bugs while testing / number of bugs while testing + number of bugs found by user
75. Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities? a) Regression testing b) Integration testing c) System testing d) User acceptance testing
Regression testing
76. How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
Metrics from previous similar projects and discussions with the development team
77. What studies data flow analysis?
The use of data on paths through the code.
78. What is Alpha testing?
Pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer's site.
79. What is a failure?
Failure is a departure from specified behaviour.
80. What are Test comparators?
Is it really a test if you put some inputs into some software, but never look to see whether the software produces the correct result? The essence of testing is to check whether the software produces the correct result, and to do that, we must compare what the software produces to what it should produce. A test comparator helps to automate aspects of that comparison.
81. Who is responsible for document all the issues, problems and open point that were identified during the review meeting
Scribe
82. What is the main purpose of Informal review
Inexpensive way to get some benefit
83. What is the purpose of test design technique?
Identifying test conditions and Identifying test cases
84. When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:
Equivalence partitioning
85. A test manager wants to use the resources available for the automated testing of a web application. The best choice is Tester, test automater, web specialist, DBA
86. During the testing of a module tester 'X' finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that it's not a bug. What 'X' should do?
Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility
87. A type of integration testing in which software elements, hardware elements, or both are combined all at once into a component or an overall system, rather than in stages.
Big-Bang Testing
88. In practice, which Life Cycle model may have more, fewer or different levels of development and testing, depending on the project and the software product. For example, there may be component integration testing after component testing, and system integration testing after system testing.
V-Model
89. Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.
Equivalence partitioning
90. "This life cycle model is basically driven by schedule and budget risks" This statement is best suited for…
V-Model
91. In which order should tests be run?
The most important one must tests first
92. The later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to fix. Why?
The fault has been built into more documentation, code, tests, etc
93. What is Coverage measurement?
It is a partial measure of test thoroughness.
94. What is Boundary value testing?
Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes. For instance, let say a bank application where you can withdraw maximum Rs.20,000 and a minimum of Rs.100, so in boundary value testing we test only the exact boundaries, rather than hitting in the middle. That means we test above the maximum limit and below the minimum limit.
95. What is Fault Masking?
Error condition hiding another error condition.
96. What does COTS represent?
Commercial off The Shelf.
97.The purpose of wich is allow specific tests to be carried out on a system or network that resembles as closely as possible the environment where the item under test will be used upon release?
Test Environment
98. What can be thought of as being based on the project plan, but with greater amounts of detail?
Phase Test Plan
99. What is exploratory testing?
Exploratory testing is a hands-on approach in which testers are involved in minimum planning and maximum test execution. The planning involves the creation of a test charter, a short declaration of the scope of a short (1 to 2 hour) time-boxed test effort, the objectives and possible approaches to be used. The test design and test execution activities are performed in parallel typically without formally documenting the test conditions, test cases or test scripts. This does not mean that other, more formal testing techniques will not be used. For example, the tester may decide to use boundary value analysis but will think through and test the most important boundary values without necessarily writing them down. Some notes will be written during the exploratory-testing session, so that a report can be produced afterwards.
100. What is "use case testing"?
In order to identify and execute the functional requirement of an application from start to finish "use case" is used and the techniques used to do this is known as "Use Case Testing"
Bonus!
101. What is the difference between STLC ( Software Testing Life Cycle) and SDLC ( Software Development Life Cycle) ?
The complete Verification and Validation of software is done in SDLC, while STLC only does Validation of the system. SDLC is a part of STLC.
102. What is traceability matrix?
The relationship between test cases and requirements is shown with the help of a document. This document is known as traceability matrix.
103. What is Equivalence partitioning testing?
Equivalence partitioning testing is a software testing technique which divides the application input test data into each partition at least once of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. By this testing method it reduces the time required for software testing.
104. What is white box testing and list the types of white box testing?
White box testing technique involves selection of test cases based on an analysis of the internal structure (Code coverage, branches coverage, paths coverage, condition coverage etc.) of a component or system. It is also known as Code-Based testing or Structural testing. Different types of white box testing are
Statement Coverage
Decision Coverage
105. In white box testing what do you verify?
In white box testing following steps are verified.
Verify the security holes in the code
Verify the incomplete or broken paths in the code
Verify the flow of structure according to the document specification
Verify the expected outputs
Verify all conditional loops in the code to check the complete functionality of the application
Verify the line by line coding and cover 100% testing
106. What is the difference between static and dynamic testing?
Static testing: During Static testing method, the code is not executed and it is performed using the software documentation.
Dynamic testing: To perform this testing the code is required to be in an executable form.
107. What is verification and validation?
Verification is a process of evaluating software at development phase and to decide whether the product of a given application satisfies the specified requirements. Validation is the process of evaluating software at the end of the development process and to check whether it meets the customer requirements.
108. What are different test levels?
There are four test levels
Unit/component/program/module testing
Integration testing
System testing
Acceptance testing
109. What is Integration testing?
Integration testing is a level of software testing process, where individual units of an application are combined and tested. It is usually performed after unit and functional testing.
110. What are the tables in testplans?
Test design, scope, test strategies , approach are various details that Test plan document consists of.
Test case identifier
Scope
Features to be tested
Features not to be tested
Test strategy & Test approach
Test deliverables
Responsibilities
Staffing and training
Risk and Contingencies
It depends on the risks for the system being tested. There are some criteria bases on which you can stop testing.
Deadlines (Testing, Release)
Test budget has been depleted
Bug rate fall below certain level
Test cases completed with certain percentage passed
Alpha or beta periods for testing ends
Coverage of code, functionality or requirements are met to a specified point
52. Which of the following is the main purpose of the integration strategy for integration testing in the small?
The main purpose of the integration strategy is to specify which modules to combine when and how many at once.
53.What are semi-random test cases?
Semi-random test cases are nothing but when we perform random test cases and do equivalence partitioning to those test cases, it removes redundant test cases, thus giving us semi-random test cases.
54. Given the following code, which statement is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage?
Read p
Read q
IF p+q> 100
THEN Print "Large"
ENDIF
IF p > 50
THEN Print "p Large"
ENDIF
1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
55. What is black box testing? What are the different black box testing techniques?
Black box testing is the software testing method which is used to test the software without knowing the internal structure of code or program. This testing is usually done to check the functionality of an application. The different black box testing techniques are
Equivalence Partitioning
Boundary value analysis
Cause effect graphing
56. Which review is normally used to evaluate a product to determine its suitability for intended use and to identify discrepancies?
Technical Review.
57. Why we use decision tables?
The techniques of equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are often applied to specific situations or inputs. However, if different combinations of inputs result in different actions being taken, this can be more difficult to show using equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis, which tend to be more focused on the user interface. The other two specification-based techniques, decision tables and state transition testing are more focused on business logic or business rules. A decision table is a good way to deal with combinations of things (e.g. inputs). This technique is sometimes also referred to as a 'cause-effect' table. The reason for this is that there is an associated logic diagramming technique called 'cause-effect graphing' which was sometimes used to help derive the decision table
58. Faults found should be originally documented by whom?
By testers.
59. Which is the current formal world-wide recognized documentation standard?
There isn't one.
60. Which of the following is the review participant who has created the item to be reviewed?
Author
61. A number of critical bugs are fixed in software. All the bugs are in one module, related to reports. The test manager decides to do regression testing only on the reports module.
Regression testing should be done on other modules as well because fixing one module may affect other modules.
62. Why does the boundary value analysis provide good test cases?
Because errors are frequently made during programming of the different cases near the 'edges' of the range of values.
63. What makes an inspection different from other review types?
It is led by a trained leader, uses formal entry and exit criteria and checklists.
64. Why can be tester dependent on configuration management?
Because configuration management assures that we know the exact version of the testware and the test object.
65. What is a V-Model?
A software development model that illustrates how testing activities integrate with software development phases
66. What is maintenance testing?
Triggered by modifications, migration or retirement of existing software
67. What is test coverage?
Test coverage measures in some specific way the amount of testing performed by a set of tests (derived in some other way, e.g. using specification-based techniques). Wherever we can count things and can tell whether or not each of those things has been tested by some test, then we can measure coverage.
68. Why is incremental integration preferred over "big bang" integration?
Because incremental integration has better early defects screening and isolation ability
69. When do we prepare RTM (Requirement traceability matrix), is it before test case designing or after test case designing?
It would be before test case designing. Requirements should already be traceable from Review activities since you should have traceability in the Test Plan already. This question also would depend on the organisation. If the organisations do test after development started then requirements must be already traceable to their source. To make life simpler use a tool to manage requirements.
70. What is called the process starting with the terminal modules?
Bottom-up integration
71. During which test activity could faults be found most cost effectively?
During test planning
72. The purpose of requirement phase is
To freeze requirements, to understand user needs, to define the scope of testing
73. Why we split testing into distinct stages?
We split testing into distinct stages because of following reasons,
Each test stage has a different purpose
It is easier to manage testing in stages
We can run different test into different environments
Performance and quality of the testing is improved using phased testing
74. What is DRE?
To measure test effectiveness a powerful metric is used to measure test effectiveness known as DRE (Defect Removal Efficiency) From this metric we would know how many bugs we have found from the set of test cases. Formula for calculating DRE is
DRE=Number of bugs while testing / number of bugs while testing + number of bugs found by user
75. Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities? a) Regression testing b) Integration testing c) System testing d) User acceptance testing
Regression testing
76. How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
Metrics from previous similar projects and discussions with the development team
77. What studies data flow analysis?
The use of data on paths through the code.
78. What is Alpha testing?
Pre-release testing by end user representatives at the developer's site.
79. What is a failure?
Failure is a departure from specified behaviour.
80. What are Test comparators?
Is it really a test if you put some inputs into some software, but never look to see whether the software produces the correct result? The essence of testing is to check whether the software produces the correct result, and to do that, we must compare what the software produces to what it should produce. A test comparator helps to automate aspects of that comparison.
81. Who is responsible for document all the issues, problems and open point that were identified during the review meeting
Scribe
82. What is the main purpose of Informal review
Inexpensive way to get some benefit
83. What is the purpose of test design technique?
Identifying test conditions and Identifying test cases
84. When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:
Equivalence partitioning
85. A test manager wants to use the resources available for the automated testing of a web application. The best choice is Tester, test automater, web specialist, DBA
86. During the testing of a module tester 'X' finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that it's not a bug. What 'X' should do?
Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility
87. A type of integration testing in which software elements, hardware elements, or both are combined all at once into a component or an overall system, rather than in stages.
Big-Bang Testing
88. In practice, which Life Cycle model may have more, fewer or different levels of development and testing, depending on the project and the software product. For example, there may be component integration testing after component testing, and system integration testing after system testing.
V-Model
89. Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.
Equivalence partitioning
90. "This life cycle model is basically driven by schedule and budget risks" This statement is best suited for…
V-Model
91. In which order should tests be run?
The most important one must tests first
92. The later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to fix. Why?
The fault has been built into more documentation, code, tests, etc
93. What is Coverage measurement?
It is a partial measure of test thoroughness.
94. What is Boundary value testing?
Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes. For instance, let say a bank application where you can withdraw maximum Rs.20,000 and a minimum of Rs.100, so in boundary value testing we test only the exact boundaries, rather than hitting in the middle. That means we test above the maximum limit and below the minimum limit.
95. What is Fault Masking?
Error condition hiding another error condition.
96. What does COTS represent?
Commercial off The Shelf.
97.The purpose of wich is allow specific tests to be carried out on a system or network that resembles as closely as possible the environment where the item under test will be used upon release?
Test Environment
98. What can be thought of as being based on the project plan, but with greater amounts of detail?
Phase Test Plan
99. What is exploratory testing?
Exploratory testing is a hands-on approach in which testers are involved in minimum planning and maximum test execution. The planning involves the creation of a test charter, a short declaration of the scope of a short (1 to 2 hour) time-boxed test effort, the objectives and possible approaches to be used. The test design and test execution activities are performed in parallel typically without formally documenting the test conditions, test cases or test scripts. This does not mean that other, more formal testing techniques will not be used. For example, the tester may decide to use boundary value analysis but will think through and test the most important boundary values without necessarily writing them down. Some notes will be written during the exploratory-testing session, so that a report can be produced afterwards.
100. What is "use case testing"?
In order to identify and execute the functional requirement of an application from start to finish "use case" is used and the techniques used to do this is known as "Use Case Testing"
Bonus!
101. What is the difference between STLC ( Software Testing Life Cycle) and SDLC ( Software Development Life Cycle) ?
The complete Verification and Validation of software is done in SDLC, while STLC only does Validation of the system. SDLC is a part of STLC.
102. What is traceability matrix?
The relationship between test cases and requirements is shown with the help of a document. This document is known as traceability matrix.
103. What is Equivalence partitioning testing?
Equivalence partitioning testing is a software testing technique which divides the application input test data into each partition at least once of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. By this testing method it reduces the time required for software testing.
104. What is white box testing and list the types of white box testing?
White box testing technique involves selection of test cases based on an analysis of the internal structure (Code coverage, branches coverage, paths coverage, condition coverage etc.) of a component or system. It is also known as Code-Based testing or Structural testing. Different types of white box testing are
Statement Coverage
Decision Coverage
105. In white box testing what do you verify?
In white box testing following steps are verified.
Verify the security holes in the code
Verify the incomplete or broken paths in the code
Verify the flow of structure according to the document specification
Verify the expected outputs
Verify all conditional loops in the code to check the complete functionality of the application
Verify the line by line coding and cover 100% testing
106. What is the difference between static and dynamic testing?
Static testing: During Static testing method, the code is not executed and it is performed using the software documentation.
Dynamic testing: To perform this testing the code is required to be in an executable form.
107. What is verification and validation?
Verification is a process of evaluating software at development phase and to decide whether the product of a given application satisfies the specified requirements. Validation is the process of evaluating software at the end of the development process and to check whether it meets the customer requirements.
108. What are different test levels?
There are four test levels
Unit/component/program/module testing
Integration testing
System testing
Acceptance testing
109. What is Integration testing?
Integration testing is a level of software testing process, where individual units of an application are combined and tested. It is usually performed after unit and functional testing.
110. What are the tables in testplans?
Test design, scope, test strategies , approach are various details that Test plan document consists of.
Test case identifier
Scope
Features to be tested
Features not to be tested
Test strategy & Test approach
Test deliverables
Responsibilities
Staffing and training
Risk and Contingencies
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